Learn about zinc (Zn) and applications

Properties
Zinc is a metal active medium can combine with oxygen and other metals, which react with dilute acids to release hydrogen. Common oxidation state of zinc is +2.

Application of zinc
Zinc is the 23rd most abundant element in Earth's crust. The most heavily mined ores tend to contain about 10% iron and 40-50% zinc. The mineral zinc is mainly to separate sphalerit, blendo, smithsonite, calamine, and franklinite.
Zinc is a metal commonly used fourth after iron, aluminum, copper production per year.
The zinc mines throughout the world, with the largest producers are Australia, Canada, China, Peru and the United States. Mines in Europe include Vieille Montagne in Belgium and Zinkgruvan in Sweden. Zinc metal is produced by the mining industry. Zinc sulfide (mineral sphalerit) is her with foam flotation method and then purified zinc thermal metallurgy. Zinc oxide treatment has much fewer applications, but high quality minerals are used effectively to produce zinc from zinc oxide or zinc carbonate hydro metallurgy.
Zinc in nature is a mixture of four stable isotopes Zn64, Zn66, Zn67, and Zn68 with 64 being the most common (48.6% natural abundance). 22 radioisotopes are written to the popular or most stable half-life of Zn65 with 244.26 days, and Zn72 with a half-life 46.5 hours. The other radioactive isotopes have half lives less than 14 hours and most have half-lives less than 1 second. This element also has 4 atomic state isomers.
Zinc oxide is a compound that is probably the most widely used of zinc, as it makes a good base for white pigments in paint white. It also has applications in the rubber industry, and it is sold as opaque sunscreen. The other compounds also in industrial applications, such as zinc chloride (in deodorants), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), methyl zinc in the laboratory of organic matter. About a quarter of the annual production of zinc is consumed in the form of its compounds.

Application of zinc in history
Zinc alloys have been used for centuries, as brass goods dating to 1000-1400 BC have been found in Palestine and zinc objects with 87% zinc have been found in prehistoric Transylvania. Because of the low evaporation temperature and the strong chemical activity of zinc nature is not understood in ancient times (when isolated zinc smelting tend to evaporate rather than be captured).
The manufacture of brass was known to the Romans about 30 BC, they use calamine with copper cooking technology in the cooking pot. The amount of zinc oxide and zinc reduced the freedom of being retained, creating a brass alloy. Brass was either cast or hammered into shape.
Smelting and isolation of pure zinc were Indians and the Chinese made early in the 10th century. Late 14th century, the Hindus were aware of the existence of zinc as a metal other than the seven previously known metals. In the West, the discovery of zinc is associated with the name of the German Andreas Marggraf in 1746, although the entire history of this much worth mentioning.
Descriptions of brass manufacture are found in the writings of Albertus Magnus, in 1248, and in the 16th century, people were aware of a new metal broadened considerably. Georg Agricola observed in 1546, and discovered that a white metal could be condensed and scraped off the metal walls of a furnace when zinc ores were smelted. He added in his notes that a similar metal called "zincum" was produced in Silesia. Paracelsus (d. 1541) was the first in the West said that "zincum" is a new metal and it has different chemical properties of metals known to the ancients.
As a result of zinc has been known in time Marggraf made his experiments, and in fact it had been isolated two years earlier by another chemist, Anton von Swab. However, Marggraf's report is thorough and methodical and the quality of his research has made his image as the discoverer of zinc.
Before the invention of extraction technology of zinc from zinc sulphide, calamine was the mineral source of zinc metal.

The main applications of zinc present.
* Zinc is used for metal plating, such as stainless steel to resist eating.
* Zinc is used in alloys such as brass, nickel, white, all kinds of welding rods, German silver, etc. Brass widely used by hardness and high resistance to rust.
* Zinc is used in molding, especially in the automotive industry.
* Zinc coils are used to make battery covers.
* Zinc oxide is used as the material is white in watercolor and painting as well as the active metabolite in the automotive industry. Use in the ointment, it is resistant to sunburn bare skin areas. Use thinly in the wet areas of the body (genitals) of the children to resist intimidation.
* Zinc chloride is used as a deodorant and wood preservatives.
* Zinc sulphide is used as phosphorescence, is used to clock the hands or other objects that glow in the dark.
* Zinc methyl (Zn (CH3) 2) is used in a number of organic syntheses.
* Zinc stearate is used as filler in plastics (plastics) from petroleum.
* Lotions made of calamine, a mix of (hydroxy-) carbonates and silicates, are used to treat skin rash.
* The daily menu and zinc in the composition of minerals and vitamins. It is thought that zinc has antioxidant properties, so it is used as trace elements to protect against premature skin and muscles in the body (aging). In the proprietary medicines contain large amounts of zinc, it is said that it works to heal wounds faster.

Library materials from encyclopedias Vietnam